Which of the following is NOT a common use for pesticide application equipment?

The reasoning behind the answer being air application directly over urban areas not being a common use for pesticide application equipment stems from several factors, including regulations, safety concerns, and practical considerations.

Air application of pesticides is typically reserved for agricultural settings or large open areas where there is minimal risk to human populations and non-target species. In urban areas, the density of people, pets, and valuable property creates challenges regarding both the safety and effectiveness of pesticide application. Regulatory agencies often impose strict guidelines and limitations on airborne pesticide applications over populated areas to mitigate the risks involved.

In contrast, ground application to crops, fumigation of structures, and soil injection for pest control are recognized practices within commercial pesticide application. Ground equipment is designed specifically for effective pesticide delivery to crops, while fumigation and soil injection techniques are utilized for controlling pests in targeted environments, effectively minimizing exposure and risk. These practices are established within the framework of integrated pest management, focusing on effectiveness while adhering to safety and regulatory requirements.